who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别
一般说来,what/who等含特指意义,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义,意为“无论什么/无论谁”。
it is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever
解析:答案是b,whatever引导一个宾语从句,并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what,因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的”,具有泛指的概念。同时要注意,这里whatever也不能改用no matter what,因为后者只能引导状语从句。比较下例:
i can’t remember at the moment who has said the words. (这里的who表特定的某人)
where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从句
where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是:这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。
—i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week.
—is that ____ you had a few days off?
a. why b. when c. that d. where
解析:答案是a,why引导的从句作表语,同时why在从句中作原因状语。这里之所以选why,而不是when或 where等,唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义,及语境。
“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别
介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。
it was a matter of ____ would take the position.
a. who b. whoever c. whom d. whomever
解析:答案是a。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句,作介词of宾语的,是后面的整个句子,而不是宾语从句的引导词,由于这里引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(作宾语时自然要用whom)。
名词性从句中有插入成分时
此时应注意两点:一是从句仍然不倒装,而在插入成分上倒装;二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。
____ you have seen both fighters, ____ will win?
a. since; do you think who b. as; who you think
c. when; whoever d. since; who do you think
解析:根据上面的讲解,不难知道答案是d。其中do you think是插入成分,其余部分是宾语从句,作think的宾语;由于引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(不用whom)。
引导词that的省略
引导宾语从句时,that通常可以省略,但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时,that不能省。例如:
china’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.
a. what b. which c. 不填 d. it that
解析:该句中的从句作shows的宾语,是宾语从句,又因为从句中不缺主、宾语,所以只能用that引导;又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略,所以答案是c。
同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点
说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where, when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。试比较:12
1.then arose the question ____ we were to get so much money.
2.this the house ____ the great man mao zedong was born 110 years ago.
a. where b. that c. about which d. in which
解析:答案分别是1.a 2.a/d。先行词与where, when概念一致时,是定语从句,2题中的house与where同表地点,且这个关系副词where或when可以用“介词+which”的形式代替,所以答案a 和d都可以引导。1题中的question与where不表同一概念,可见是同位语从句,所以where不能改用“介词+which”的形式。
12搜索“diyifanwen.cc”或“www.diyifanwen.cc”即可找到本站免费阅读全部范文。收藏本站方便下次阅读,第一范文网,提供最新学习总结《学习总结:高考英语名词性从句冲刺》全文阅读和word下载服务。