演讲的四个目标
l 提供信息
to offer information;
l 使听众感到乐趣
to entertain the audience;
l 动之以情
to touch emotions;
l 使听众行动起来
to move to action;
演讲切忌
1. 语速太快; talking too rapidly;
2. 声音单调； speaking in monotone;
3. 声音尖细； using too high a vocal pitch;
4. 谈得太多，说得太少；
talking and not saying much;
5. 感情不充分；
presenting without enough emotion or passion;
6. 对观众采取一种居高临下的姿态;
talking down to the audience;
7. 夸张的词语使用得太多；
using too many "big" words;
8. 使用抽象概念而不给出事例加以说明；
using abstractions without giving concrete examples
9. 使用别人不熟悉的技术术语；
using unfamiliar technical jargon;
10. 使用俚语或粗俗语；
using slang or profanity;
11. 演讲无组织，散乱无序；
disorganized and rambling performance;
12. 说话绕弯子，不切中主题
indirect communication i.e. beating around the bush；
怎样与听众交流
l 要有值得交流的观点；
a message worth communicating;
l 引起听众的注意：抓住他们的兴趣并赢得信任；
gain the listeners' attention: capture their interest and build their trust;
l 重视理解；
emphasize understanding;
l 获得反馈；
obtain their feedback;
l 注意声调，要有感情；
watch your emotional tone;
l 说服听众；
persuade the audience;
怎样变得自信
l 微笑并看着观众
smile and glance at the audience；
l 开始发言时要慢一点，身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态
start very slowly, with your shoulders back and your chin up;
l 开场白说一些真诚话
open your speech by saying something very frankly;
l 穿上自己最好的衣服
wear your very best clothes;
l 对自己说一些积极的话
say something positive to / about yourself
怎样组织演讲
l 要有一个结构：可以分一二三点；可以从地理上分东南西北；比较与对比；我方与他方；正面与反面；
to have a structure: such as first, second, third; geographically, north, south, east, west; compare and contrasts; our side versus their side; negative and positive;
l 将材料归类整理，如笑话、趣事、名人名言、有趣的数据
to label the materials such as jokes, funny anecdotes, favorite sayings, interesting statistics;
l 使用卡片；
to use note cards;
怎样使用卡片
l 在卡片的右上角标上数字；
number your cards on the top right;
l 在第一张和最后一张上写上完整的句子；
l write a complete sentence on both your first and last card;
l 其他卡片上最多只能写五个关键词；
l write up to five key words on other cards;
l 用颜色来标记你想强调的词；
l use color to mark the words you want to emphasize;
l 在某一处提醒自己查看时间。
l remind yourself at a particular sport to check the time.12
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