Presentations and Public Speaking in English

　　A presentation is a formal talk to one or more people that "presents" ideas or information in a clear, structured way. People are sometimes afraid of speaking in public, but if you follow a few simple rules, giving a presentation is actually very easy. This tutorial guides you through each stage of giving a presentation in English, from the initial preparation to the conclusion and questions and answers. This tutorial is itself set out like a mini-presentation.

　　Preparation

Chapter II Developing the Speech Text

I. Announcing the Beginning of the Speech Text

　　To begin with, I would like to talk about a principle.

　　I think it would be best to start out by looking at some pictures.

　　The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms which I’11 use in my presentation.

　　

II. Shifting to the Next Main Point

　　Well, let's move on to the next point.

　　We will now come to the second problem.

　　Turning to the

Chapter V Talking During the Break

I. Useful encouraging phrases to show your interest and to stimulate the flow of conversation

　　Then what happened?      Good.                Ah.

　　Really? Right. That's right.

　　II. Introducing the Subject and the outline of the Presentation引入话题

　　Background Information

　　I would like to start by briefly reviewing the history of open heart surgery.

　　Let us start with the theoretical basis of this new technique.

　　To begin with, we have to consider the principle.

　　I think it would be best to start out by looking at a few slides.

　　I should like to preface my remarks with a description of the basic idea.

　　May I begin with a general outline of this project?

　　The first thing I would like to talk about i

Chapter IV Asking and Answering Questions

I. Inviting Questions

　　So, let's throw it open to questions.

　　Now I' d like to answer any questions, if you have any.

　　Now I am ready to answer your questions, if any.

　　I'd be glad to try and answer any questions.

　　Are there any questions?

　　Any questions?

　　

II. Raising Questions

Signaling Your Intention to Ask a Question

　　I want to ask Dr. bi a question.

　　I have a guest ion for Dr. Anderson.

　　Mr. Smith, I hav

Chapter III Ending the Speech Text

I. Signaling the Beginning of the End Part

　　Let’s look at what I have talked about.

　　Well, that brings me to the end of my presentation. This last slide is a brief summary of what I have talked about.  

　　Before I stop/finish, let me just say...

　　To close my speech, I' 11 show you the last slide.

　　Now I'd like to summarize my talk.

　　To summarize, I have talked about three aspects of the cancer problem:

　　keep your direction 坚持你的方向

　　what would you do if you failed? many people may choose to give up. however, the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick to your goal.

　　on your way to success, you must keep your direction. it is just like a lamp, guiding you in darkness and helping you overcome obstacles on your way. otherwise, you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead.

　　direction means objectives. you can get nowhere without an objective in life.

　　you can try to write your objective on paper and make

　　we are the world ,we are the future

　　someone said “we are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book, whose pages are infinite”. i don’t know who wrote these words, but i’ve always liked them as a reminder that the future can be anything we want it to be. we are all in the position of the farmers. if we plant a good seed ,we reap a good harvest. if we plant nothing at all, we harvest nothing at all.

　　we are young. “how to spend the youth?” it is a meaningful question. to ans

　　1．根据听众对象，注意演讲的总体措词

　　演讲的总体措词是严肃一些还是活泼一些，是有较明显的说教口气还是用平等的口吻，等等，都要根据听众对象而定。如果场下听众是同龄的学生，那么演讲的内容只要风趣一些往往就能引起共鸣。但另一方面，如果听众大多是上了年纪的教师，太多的笑料反而会被认为“不严肃”，“不尊重”，而引起反感。

　　用英语演讲，不要用太多 I feel, I think，老是用I，显得十分主观，狭隘。如果通篇全是 I feel, I think 的内容，会给人觉得缺乏说服力。另外，perhaps, maybe 这样的词语，虽然有“客气，谦虚”的成分，但太多会让人觉得你演讲的内容有不可靠之处。

　　还有，在演讲中，要少用you，多用we。用you等于把自己与听众对立起来，而用we则拉近了与听众的距离。比如：You should not smoke．听上去像教训人，而 Let's not smoke听起来是一个不错的建议。

　　2．演讲要越短越好

　　英语演讲应该简洁扼要，直截了当。除非特别需要，一般不要采用中文中的那种迂回曲折的表达形式。据有关专家统计，一般人的注意

　　the world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. for example , forest destruction results in decrease of planting land and unpleasant weather. in addition, man is faced with problems of water pollution and air pollution.

　　a lot of measures have been taken. planting trees helps improve and beautify the environment. besides, laws concerning environmental protection have been put into effect and achieved good results.

　　however, the problem of environmental protection remains fa